Реферат: The latest research justified, two waves of Neanderthal migration to the Altai region on the basis of genetic and archaeological evidence. A second Neanderthal migration took place around 60 000 years. B.P., and brought a specific lithic assemblage similar to the European Micoquian/Keilmessergruppen to the Altai region (Kolobova et al. 2020). Until recently, only two sites yielding Micoquian/KMG lithic assemblages were known in the Russian Altai Region. Currently, four main sites are known, including base camps and temporary hunting camps. Chagyrskaya Cave has been classified as a consumption camp, primarily geared toward hunting and processing bison and horses. A complete behavioral sequence of stone and bone tool manufacturing has been identified at the site (Kolobova et al. 2019), which seems to have been regarded by Neanderthals as a safe haven where they brought their children (Kolobova et al. 2020). Published data on Okladnikov Cave also support the interpretation that it was used as a permanent shelter and consumption site of horses and bison (Krause et al. 2007). Recent investigations of the Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha Cave have shown that it may have been used as a game observation point for hunters pursuing prey in the river valley below (Kolobova et al, 2023). According to our technological and experimental analysis, in the Chagyrskaya cave we have two models of raw materials used associated with core and bifacial reduction. The initial stages of core reduction were carried out outside the cave. While bifacial shaping was executed on the site. The techno-typological characteristics of the Chagyrskaya Cave assemblage are completely consistent with the characteristics of the Crimean Miсoquian techno-complex, which is an integral part of the European Miсoquian. At the same time, we document several adaptations to the size and quality of local Altai raw materials. These adaptations included more intensive core reduction. Notably, bifacial tools rarely served as raw material sources because the pebbles used for their manufacture were limited in size.

Библиографическая ссылка: Харевич А.В. , Харевич В.М. , Тюгашев И.Е. , Маркин С.В. , Колобова К.А.
Late Neanderthal Adaptations in the Altai Mountains: A Lithic Raw Material Perspective.
International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, Inter-Congress Conference APT2025: Asian Prehistory Today: Bridging Science, Heritage & Development 27 окт. - 6 нояб. 2025